160 research outputs found
Lightweight Strategy for XOR PUFs as Security Primitives for Resource-constrained IoT device
Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are promising security primitives for
resource-constrained IoT devices. And the XOR Arbiter PUF (XOR-PUF) is one of
the most studied PUFs, out of an effort to improve the resistance against
machine learning attacks of probably the most lightweight delay-based PUFs -
the Arbiter PUFs. However, recent attack studies reveal that even XOR-PUFs with
large XOR sizes are still not safe against machine learning attacks. Increasing
PUF stages or components and using different challenges for different
components are two ways to improve the security of APUF-based PUFs, but more
stages or components lead to more hardware cost and higher operation power, and
different challenges for different components require the transmission of more
bits during operations, which also leads to higher power consumption. In this
paper, we present a strategy that combines the choice of XOR Arbiter PUF
(XOR-PUF) architecture parameters with the way XOR-PUFs are used to achieve
lightweights in hardware cost and energy consumption as well as security
against machine learning attacks. Experimental evaluations show that with the
proposed strategy, highly lightweight component-differentially challenged
XOR-PUFs can withstand the most powerful machine learning attacks developed so
far and maintain excellent intra-device and inter-device performance, rendering
this strategy a potential blueprint for the fabrication and use of XOR-PUFs for
resource-constrained IoT applications.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2206.0131
Predictive short/long-term efficacy biomarkers and resistance mechanisms of CD19-directed CAR-T immunotherapy in relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphomas
Genetically modified T-cell immunotherapies are revolutionizing the therapeutic options for hematological malignancies, especially those of B-cell origin. Impressive efficacies of CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy have been reported in refractory/relapsed (R/R) B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients who were resistant to current standard therapies, with a complete remission (CR) rate of approximately 50%. At the same time, problems of resistance and relapse following CAR-T therapy have drawn growing attention. Recently, great efforts have been made to determine various factors that are connected to the responses and outcomes following CAR-T therapy, which may not only allow us to recognize those with a higher likelihood of responding and who could benefit most from the therapy but also identify those with a high risk of resistance and relapse and to whom further appropriate treatment should be administered following CAR-T therapy. Thus, we concentrate on the biomarkers that can predict responses and outcomes after CD19-directed CAR-T immunotherapy. Furthermore, the mechanisms that may lead to treatment failure are also discussed in this review
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